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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_in_New_Orleans
Drainage in New Orleans, Louisiana has been a major concern since the founding of the city in the early 18th century, remaining an important factor in the history of New Orleans through today. Flooding threatens New Orleans from three sources: the Mississippi River, Lake Pontchartrain, and natural rainfall. Artificial levees have been built to keep out rising river and lake waters but have had the negative effect of keeping rainfall in. New Orleans was originally built on natural levees along the Mississippi River that were a result of soil deposits left from the river’s annual floods. The site chosen for New Orleans had many advantages. Because it sits where distance between the river and Lake Pontchartrain is shortest, Louisiana Indians had long used the area as a depot and market for goods carried between the two waterways. The narrow strip of land also aided rapid troop movements, and the river’s crescent shape slowed ships approaching from downriver and exposed them to gunfire, however flooding was always a hazard. The first artificial levees and canals were built in early colonial times. They were erected to protect New Orleans against routine flooding from the Mississippi River. The ‘back of town’ away from the river originally drained down into the swamps running toward Lake Pontchartrain. Flooding from the lake side was rare and less severe as most of the old town had been built on high ground along the riverfront. As the city grew, demand for more land encouraged expansion into lower areas more prone to periodic flooding. For most of the 19th century most residential buildings were raised up at least a foot above street level (often several feet), since periodic flooding of the streets was a certainty at the time. In the 1830s state engineer George T. Dunbar proposed an ambitious system of underground drainage canals beneath the streets. The goal was to drain water by gravity into the low lying swamps, supplementing this with canals and mechanical pumps. The first of the city’s steam engine powered drainage pumps, adapted from a ship’s paddle wheel and used to push water along the Orleans Canal out to Bayou St. John, was constructed in this decade. However, only a few of Dunbar’s plans were actually implemented as the panic of 1837 largely ended major systematic improvements for a generation. In 1859 surveyor Louis H. PiliĆ© improved the drainage canals, bricking in some portions. Four large steam ‘draining machines’ were built to push water through the canals into the lake. In 1871, some 36 miles (58 km) of canals were built in the city for both improved drainage and small vessel shipping within town. However, despite earlier efforts, at the end of the 19th century it was still common for water to cover streets from curb to curb after rainstorms, sometimes for days. In 1893, the city government formed the Drainage Advisory Board to come up with better solutions to the city’s drainage problems. Extensive topographical maps were made and some of the nation’s top engineers were consulted. In 1899, a bond was floated, and a 2 mill per dollar property tax approved, which funded and founded the Sewerage & Water Board of New Orleans. The Sewerage & Water Board had the responsibility of draining the city along with constructing a modern sewage and tap water system for the city, which, at the time, still relied heavily on cisterns and outhouses. (A different entity, the Orleans Levee Board, is in charge of supervision of the city’s levee and floodwall system. )The Sewerage & Water Board found A. Baldwin Wood, a young engineer who not only supervised the plans for improved drainage and pumping, but also invented a number of improvements in pumps and plumbing in the process. These improvements were not only used in New Orleans, but adopted all over the world. As the 20th century progressed, much of the land that had previously been swampland or considered fit for no other use than cow pasture (due to periodic flooding), was dr p flooding automobiles Mississippi flood thunder katrina warfare River St. Louis Post-Dispatchflood reef stranded HITS TENNESSEE Missouri evacuation truck drowning crash accident great flood of 2011 flow 17th street canal Rain Diane Sawyer America disaster News missouri rising water cbs Flooding 2011Mississippi nature Arkansas park Riverside Drive custom showoff courier Hernando desoto Bridge flying rafting Update-08-05–2011 floods lightning rising Army Corp of Engineers analysis CNTV st. Thumbs evacuate media mos levee blown snowboard gatehouse early girardeau emergency uranium melt-down fuel-rodshannibal vehicle tributaries cutoff racing levee interviews airplanes Mississippi Rising EngineersMis

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Take a trip with the world famous Cortez Club's Baja Mosquito Fleet. Located in La Paz in Baja California Sur, the Baja Mosquito Fleet takes you to all the hot fishing sport in the La Paz area.

Duration : 3 min 19 sec

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beaver in the Mississippi River

Duration : 0:1:18

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Housed in the 1858 Barrows Mansion in Galena, IL, the Galena-Jo Daviess County History Museum features exhibits about lead mining, geography, transportation, Native Americans, and agriculture in the Galena area. Upstairs, the Museum is proud to display “Peace in Union” by Thomas Nast and “General Grant on the Battlefield” by John Antrobus, as well as artifacts from the Civil War and from Grant’s life in Galena.

Duration : 0:3:42

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On our way to the famous Ponte Vecchio, or "The Old Bridge" famous for the multitude of shops built upon it's edges. Real People having Real Fun! You can view travel videos in full screen near-DVD quality with NO ADS, at jpmeyer.com. Gail at RomanoTravelOnline.com made all our travel agent arrangements. Romano Travel Online dot com: Worldwide professional travel planning with experienced travel agents. Destination Weddings. Group Travel and Family Reunion planning with Incentive Travel Bonuses! Private Travel Guides. Oceanfront and Beachfront Vacations. Resorts. Luxury Travel. Corporate Travel Planning. Charter Travel Services. Senior Citizen Travel Cruise Values. Sandals Resorts and Disney Specialists. Family or Educational Travel for Families. Want to be a Travel Agent? We are respected in our field for Educating and Teaching new Travel Agents and Consultants, with no up front fees to you. Contact Gail at RomanoTravelOnline .com.

Duration : 2 min 22 sec

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I find a spot along the Mississippi River to camp for the night.

Duration : 0:3:29

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A visitor’s introduction to Winona, Minnesota, historic island city. Nestled in the tree-covered limestone bluffs of the Mississippi River, Winona is home to a rich lumber and river traffic history, architecturally significant buildings, meticulously maintained Victorian homes, and more than 100 sites on the National Register in the Winona area, many of which are free and open to the public. Winona has developed a reputation as Stained Glass Capital of the United States. Come to Winona for an energetic cultural scene, 2 university campuses, vast wildlife, fishing, birdwatching, water activities, bike & hiking trails, challenging golf, and some of the best scenery in the state.

Duration : 0:3:40

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The steamboat paddle wheeler Natchez docking at Toulouse Street Wharf behind the Jackson Brewery in the French Quarter of New Orleans after going on a two hour Mississippi River cruise. Video courtesy Steve Stein of Longbeach.

Duration : 0:1:27

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Fifth in the series about travel by sailboat beginning in the heart of America, Minnesota then traveling to oher ports of call from the Mississippi River to seaports worldwide. The crew needs to find ways to barter for needs as basic as food and fuel to parts for the boat they live on. Often trading knowledge of raw food diet for health and sustenance with local chefs and fisherman or hunters and farmers. they meet great characters that remind us of our roots in basic care for other humans away from the wall street life. This clip involves the army corp of engineers helping to get the Quintessent freed from a river wingdam.

Duration : 0:9:59

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Blimp flying over the Mississippi River at Vicksburg

Duration : 0:1:47

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